Gingivitis is the medical term for early gum disease, or periodontal
disease. In general, gum disease can be caused by long-term exposure to
plaque, the sticky but colorless film on teeth that forms after eating or
sleeping.
Gum disease originates in the gums, where infections form from harmful
bacteria and other materials left behind from eating. Early warning signs
include chronic bad breath, tender or painful swollen gums and minor
bleeding after brushing or flossing. In many cases, however, gingivitis can
go unnoticed. The infections can eventually cause the gums to separate from
the teeth, creating even greater opportunities for infection and decay.
Although gum disease is the major cause of tooth loss in adults, in many
cases it is avoidable.
If gingivitis goes untreated, more serious problems such as abscesses, bone
loss or periodontitis can occur.
Periodontitis is treated in a number of ways. One method, called root
planing, involved cleaning and scraping below the gum line to smooth the
roots. If effective, this procedure helps the gums reattach themselves to
the tooth structure.
Pregnancy has also been known to cause a form of gingivitis. This has been
linked to hormonal changes in the woman's body that promote plaque
production. |